The Book of Philemon

Paul's epistle to Philemon is a curious book in the canon of Scripture.  It is only a single chapter written by Paul for a very specific purpose, which lacks much of the theological weight and length of Paul's other writings, it can easily be read in a single sitting.  However, understanding why this unique work was included in the canon is an odd discussion in itself.

The letter has Paul pleading with Philemon, a wealthy Christian slave owner, for the well-being and status of Philemon's runaway slave, Onesimus.  Onesimus, having run away, ended up imprisoned with Paul (v. 10), and has since converted to Christianity.  Because it was illegal for a Roman citizen to harbor another citizen's runaway slave, Paul resolves to address Philemon, one of Paul's Christian brothers, directly.

Paul appeals for the sake of Onesimus that, as Paul is returning Onesimus to Philemon, Philemon might see to it in his heart to free Onesimus from the bonds of slavery that he might return to Paul (vv. 12-16).  Paul goes so far as to declare that he will personally cover any costs incurred because of Onesimus' fleeing (vv. 18-19).

The strength of Paul's plea coupled with the reality of the letter's content, forms a definite argument for Christian slave masters to free their slaves.  Add to this the implication of the book's canonization: because this letter has survived, reason stands that Philemon did free Onesimus.  This is a radical argument for the ancient world, when slavery was so widespread that approximately 30-40% of the Roman population was comprised of slaves.

It is even reasonable to think that the Onesimus, the Bishop of Ephesus, mentioned by Ignatius in his Letter to the Ephesians (written c. A.D. 100) is the same person discussed in Philemon.  Therefore, this book was supported in its canonization by a primary source, and reveals how Christians should deal with slavery.

The book of Philemon is intimately tied to a specific historical context and addresses a particular scenario.  That being said, Philemon also has a broader application, namely the necessity of reconciliation.  In fact, the primary theme of this book is Paul's plea for Philemon to initiate reconciliation with Onesimus, even though Onesimus had unlawfully wronged him.

Paul thus acts as a mediating force, mediating reconciliation and restoration in brotherly love.  Let us then not overlook the value of such a small and odd book as Philemon, recognizing that it is the Word of God, meant for our benefit and growth, even today!